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Catalog
International Classification of Sleep Disorders – ...
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Sleep related breathing disorders include obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), central sleep apnea syndromes, and sleep related hypoventilation disorders. OSA is the most common type and is characterized by upper airway obstruction during sleep, leading to interrupted breathing. Central sleep apnea syndromes involve a reduction in respiratory effort during sleep without upper airway obstruction. Sleep related hypoventilation disorders are marked by an increase in carbon dioxide levels during sleep. Treatment options include lifestyle changes, CPAP therapy, oral appliances, and surgery if necessary.<br /><br />Central apnea due to a medical disorder is characterized by episodes of cessation of breathing during sleep as a result of an underlying medical or neurological condition. It can occur in individuals of all ages and is associated with conditions such as congestive heart failure and stroke. Treatment involves managing the underlying medical condition and may include positive airway pressure therapy.<br /><br />Narcolepsy type 1 is a disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, disrupted nocturnal sleep, hypnagogic hallucinations, sleep paralysis, depression, and weight gain. Diagnosis is based on meeting specific criteria, including daily excessive sleepiness for at least three months, cataplexy, and certain sleep test results. Treatment options include medications to manage sleepiness and cataplexy.<br /><br />Parasomnias are undesired physical events or experiences that occur during sleep, including disorders of arousal and REM-related parasomnias. Disorders of arousal include sleepwalking, sleep terrors, and confusional arousals. REM-related parasomnias include REM sleep behavior disorder, recurrent isolated sleep paralysis, and nightmare disorder. Other parasomnias include exploding head syndrome, sleep-related hallucinations, and sleep enuresis. Treatment options depend on the specific parasomnia and may include behavioral interventions or medications.<br /><br />REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is characterized by abnormal behaviors during REM sleep, such as acting out dreams. It can be idiopathic or associated with other neurological disorders. Diagnosis is made through polysomnographic testing. Treatment includes medication and safety measures to prevent injury during episodes.<br /><br />Excessive fragmentary myoclonus (EFM) is a sleep related movement disorder characterized by brief muscle jerks during sleep. It is typically harmless and does not cause significant clinical consequences. Diagnosis is made through polysomnography with EMG monitoring. Treatment is usually not necessary.<br /><br />An index is a list of terms and their corresponding page numbers in a document, helping readers quickly find specific information.
Keywords
sleep related breathing disorders
obstructive sleep apnea
central sleep apnea syndromes
sleep related hypoventilation disorders
upper airway obstruction
respiratory effort
carbon dioxide levels
lifestyle changes
CPAP therapy
oral appliances
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